Assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans: a methodological and physiological guideline
نویسندگان
چکیده
Dick H. J. Thijssen, Mark A. Black, Kyra E. Pyke, Jaume Padilla, Greg Atkinson, Ryan A. Harris, Beth Parker, Michael E. Widlansky, Michael E. Tschakovsky, and Daniel J. Green Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Vascular Laboratory, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group Of Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Stress Response Laboratory and Human Vascular Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies and Department of Physiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Preventive Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
منابع مشابه
Letter to the editor: "Assessment of flow-mediated dilation in humans: a methodological and physiological guideline".
Endothelial dysfunction is now considered an important early event in the development of atherosclerosis, which precedes gross morphological signs and clinical symptoms. The assessment of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was introduced almost 20 years ago as a noninvasive approach to examine vasodilator function in vivo. FMD is widely believed to reflect endothelium-dependent and largely nitric oxi...
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Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality and a major cause of disability worldwide. The dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is a pathological condition characterized mainly by a disruption in the balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances and is proposed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a preci...
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Developed in 1992, the flow-mediated dilation test is now the most commonly used noninvasive assessment of vascular endothelial function in humans. Since its inception, scientists have refined their understanding of the physiology, analysis, and interpretation of this measurement. Recently, a significant growth of knowledge has added to our understanding and implementation of this clinically re...
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